07 Behavioral:- Important Questions
Behaviora****************************************************************
1. Tell me about yourself.
Starting with my name I’m John. I have 8 years of working as a Software tester currently I am working in Bank of America in regards to the Bill tracker application. Bill tracker application helps the customer to track all their bills and subscriptions in one place, they also get reminder alerts. (Then jump on achievement and daily activities)
Achievement
Texas Capital Bank had no proper automation process prior to helping them to build a proper automation process - I created the selenium page object framework so that all QAs can use it - trained others on how to use this framework - Documented how to use the framework -Implemented Git hub and Jenkins -Implemented parallelly execution of test case.
Daily activities -Checking Daily Jenkins Executions -Investigate the Jenkins test failures
-convert manual to automation test cases
-Check PR requests of other Automation engineers on GitHub
-Agile ceremony meetings
-Assist or help other automation engineers
2. Why are you leaving your job?
Currently, my job is a contract job. So, I am looking for a more permanent position. Also, I am trying to advance my career.
3. Why are you interested in this company?
I did some research about this company and figured out that the company is great. I get the impression of a great place to work, and I would love to be on the team.
5. What do you do on a daily basis?
So on a daily basis, I started my day with a daily standup meeting and explained my progress. I got the documentation from Team Lead. Then, I would read the documentation. Implementing the code, executing the code, making reports. And obviously, I found the bug and let my team lead know and also put it in the Jira so developer can also see that. We have weekly meetings to our dev team and discuss about the bugs/errors I find out. Basically, that’s all.
6. What motivates you?
I love what I am doing, I want to grow my career as a QA, which actually motivates me.
7. What do you like in QA?
I always had passion for tech and I like working with smart people, I like to break things down, and I like to improve the user’s experience.
8. What do you dislike in QA?
What I dislike is the amount of necessary attention to detail. It creates pressure because if you miss any single point, it affects the whole software.
9. If we contact your manager/colleagues, what they tell you about you?
I believe I met the teams’ expectations, so I think they will provide positive feedback about me.
I do have good relationship with my co-workers, so I hope they will provide positive feedback about me.
10. What makes you better other than other candidates / Why should we hire you?
Of course. I know you are looking for someone who is experienced, loves to work what he is doing. And, I am excited to bring my skills and expertise to this role. And, I think I would be an excellent match for this role. I have created multiple selenium framework from scratch and implemented many new technologies such as Sauce labs, Zephyr and Zapi
11. How big is your team?
- 3 Developers, 2 QA(one mannual one automation), 1 tech lead, one BA, One project manager, one product owner, 1 scrum master
12. Tell us about a conflict that you had with co-workers.
13. What are your top 3 skills?
1. I am a team player.
2. Open minded.
3. On time delivery the task that I am assigned to.
14. What are your weaknesses?
Sometimes, I spend more time understanding the details, and I have trouble delivering on-time. However, I have improved over time.
15. Could you describe QA process you have?
1. I get the documentation from my tech lead in Jira.
2. I read the requirements.
3. I create test cases.
4. I execute test cases in the correct QA (development/staging) environment and save them into a proper collection so I can reuse them. Then, also did the cross-browser testing using browser-stack.
5. Made the test cases execution report.
16. What does quality assurance mean to you?
Delivering the best possible experience for our customers.
17. How do you deal with conflicts? In case I ever have to deal with this, I would try to take the person aside and discuss the issue first. I listen actively to make sure I understand the other person’s point of view, and I work with the person to develop a solution together.
18. What can you bring to the company?
I can bring my experience and help deliver a quality product for our customers, I’m hard working and very detail-oriented. I can bring great performance and results to the team in order to create a great user experience for our customers. I have created multiple selenium framework from scratch and implemented many new technologies such as Sauce labs, Zephyr and Zapi. I have also helped train lot of individuals and created lot training and explanation document.
19. What type of project are you working now?
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software system for club management.
21. What are your goals in 5 years?
I see myself implementing new technologies and expand the automation test coverage to include more testcases. Making a documented process about automated testing.
22. You are going into a battle, and have 2 choices like 2 different fights in the battle and you have to choose 1 fight. In 1 fight you have to fight with a Duck (size is like horse). Other fight is, you have to fight with 100 horses with size of Duck. Which one you want to face. How would you handle that you choose.
There is no wrong or right answer. but best answer is 100 horses size of ducks.
23. Tell your experience about what are the hurdles you faced with Java or Selenium."
Java is easy to handle and has a lot of resources. But programs like C#, and python have easier of accessing collection libraries.
24. Any work come with hurdles. So, do you feel any problems with that?
Absolutely! No job is without its challenges, but I believe it's all about having the right mindset when facing those hurdles. Staying calm under pressure, collaborating closely with my colleagues, and coming up with innovative solutions helped me navigate through those tough periods successfully.
2. Project Specific****************************************************************
1. What software are you currently testing? https://docs.google.com/document/d/1js3oFsV8SNLbfcGUZLhhT_aT1Y_xexTsYXmxX3ii6JA/edit
2. Can you tell me more what is User doing with the application?
There are 2 types of users. One is client and other one is clients client. Client is using for day-to-day activities because it’s a club management software. Like Account Receiver module like any financial task done by club management staff. Other module is Hotel. If anyone books hotel then bill of the client is generated by the software. Since it’s a ERP, so its does whole operation of the club from every aspect. Even parking or checking the parking is also done thru this software.
3. How long are your sprints?
2 weeks.
4. Do you deploy production in every 2 weeks / what’s the release cycle?
There are 2 types of release. One is hotfix and other one normal release. Hot fixes needs to be released as soon as possible. QA Engineer found a bug when executing the test case in Jenkins., so we have to fix, test and deployed. There are no timeline for that. They can be done 1 day or 2 day depending on the work. Other one regular release and that are done after every sprints.
5. Did you do automation within the sprint?
No we usually automated testcases from previous sprints
6. How much time do you spend manual and automation testing?
"From myside I am not doing manual testing. My full focus is Automation.
For whole QA side, we have dedicated resources for each area. We have 8 resources for Automation and 40 resources for manual."
7. What percentage of manual and automation coverage is your current project? ->>(75% automation and 25% manual.)
We just automate the core functions. So 25% automation, 75% manual.
8. How do you approach like what type of test you need to automate?
- writing end to end test caes
9. What is the process of your framework?
Requirements Analysis: Before starting any testing, QA engineers need to understand the requirements of the application. They need to analyze functional specifications, user stories, and acceptance criteria.
Test Planning: Once requirements are understood, a test plan is created. This includes the scope of testing, objectives, resources, schedule, risk assessment, and deliverables.
Setting up the Environment: This involves setting up the test environment. This could be a local setup or a dedicated test environment that mimics production.
Design and Set up a Test Framework: Depending on the project, QA engineers might have to set up or update an existing test framework. This can be a Data-Driven Framework, Keyword Driven Framework, Page Object Model, or Hybrid. This step includes deciding on the tools, languages, and libraries to be used.
Test Data Preparation: Depending on the test cases, QA engineers create or generate test data which will be used while executing test cases.
Writing Test Cases and Scripts: Write automated test scripts using the chosen test framework. This involves coding test cases based on the requirements and using the test data prepared.
Code Review: The test scripts are usually reviewed by peers or a senior QA engineer to ensure the code meets the standards and is optimized.
Test Execution: Execute the test scripts. This could be done on a local machine or in a CI/CD environment.
Result Analysis and Reporting: After the test execution, results are analyzed. Any bugs or issues are documented and reported back to the development team.
Bug Tracking: If any bugs are identified, they are logged into a bug tracking tool (e.g., JIRA) and communicated to the development team.
Retesting and Regression: Once the bugs are fixed, the QA team does retesting to ensure the bugs are fixed and also regression testing to make sure new code changes have not affected existing functionality.
Feedback Loops: Continuously communicate with developers, product owners, and other stakeholders, ensuring that there is feedback at each stage of testing.
Documentation: Update test case documentation and make sure all the test steps, expected results, and actual results are documented for future reference.
Release and Deployment Support: In case of release, QA may be involved in verifying the deployment process, and sanity testing post-deployment.
Review and Retrospective: After the release, there’s usually a review or retrospective to discuss what went well and what needs improvement for the next iteration.
Maintaining Test Cases and Framework: As the application grows, QA needs to maintain the test cases and the framework, updating them as necessary."
11. how many pages your framework has. (approx.)
There are lot of pages but approximately right now we are around 100+ pages.
12. Have you use cloud based system like lambda-test, saucelabs, browserstack?
I used browserstack for different version of the MS edge and for recording as well
13. Have you do cross-browser testing at all?
No. Because we only use MS Edge.
16. In 2 weeks, how many hours allocated to a given sprint for testing?
They are divided at like they have 10 working days that they're next two weeks with the holidays. So seven days are for development and three days for testing. If the developer gives the builder early. We start testing. Sometimes there are multiple multiple tasks, so if divided like this like 2 days for development and one day for testing, then two days for development and one day for testing. It isn't necessary that there are seven days has to be in consecutive days.
19. I want to know what your requirement contains?
Can you explain one example of something related to your project case? What kind of steps you'll see? It basically contains complete business model. First thing, we need the the flow. Basically working flow of the process.Then the other thing we will be needing is a mock up. Basically we need to have a UI. We need have a UI for what we have been developing a back end. Apart from that, you would need some diagrams. Some software uses this and some software doesn't. One of the most common is state transition diagram. That defines all of the all the possible state in a process. So these are things that we we would be requiring before testing and developing.
20. If you encounter a requirement that is presented as a user story, where should it be documented, considering that the expected format for this requirement is a user story? In Agile development, requirements in the form of user stories are typically documented in a Product Backlog. The Product Backlog is a prioritized list of everything that is known to be needed in the product. Each user story will usually have a standard structure and contain the type of user, what they want, and why. User stories are meant to be short and to the point, and they are used as a basis for defining the features and functionalities of the application.
21. Lets say, a weird error comes up. Then what would you do?
1. Reproduce the Error: Try to reproduce the error consistently by following exact same set of actions that caused it initially.
2. Document the Error.
3. Analyze the Error: for what reason the error generates.
4. Notify Relevant Team Members"
22. Who write your test cases?
Basically our manual testing or BA's teams writes the test cases. Sometimes, we the write test cases as a team as well.
25. How you are maintaining your test data or XPath, or test results, reports?
It may vary based on team's preference but typically: Cloud, external data storage, Page Object models. Or some combination of tools available. Generally it's Excel or some sort of database.
26. Can I ask you what are the most amount of tests you have?
What type of tests do you think you have the most of? (Like functional, api, sanity etc) Function are the most common. The ones I tend to be more involved with are Sanity and regression.
27. What system are you using? Windows or Unix?
Windows
28. What sort of things you are preparing for the release like what sort of tests you are running order wise?
As an automation eningeer you are running the Jenkins regression before the release
29. In your project, what are the challenges you faced?
my current project had lot of bugs and application was not stable in the begginging.
31. who made the automation framework .
I am part of the automation building and maintaining team
32. Your agile team, do you create test plans?
no
33. Do you run a a regression at the end of each Sprint?
we run regression test via Jenkins , every single night and also during release as well
34. How do you identify the test cases that you believe should be added to the regression suite?
all testcases are part of regression suite
35. Tell me about your SQL experience like how do you use it?
To me it's mostly a translation experience. What I mean is usually people want an excel document or want me to take SQL and make it a little more digestible. (Charts, percentages, demographics)
39. Do you have access to the code developers code?
no
40. Like what kind of documentation did you prepare ?
created the framework explanation document, automation process documentation with selenium, JIRA and Jenkins. Tools documentation and how each testing tool works. Training document for new commers.
42. What sort of information you provide for developer to debug alongside with screenshot?
We provide step by step on how to recreate the bug
43. What tool do use you for micro service level validations?
API Postman: It's a popular tool for API testing. It provides features for sending HTTP requests to REST endpoints and viewing responses.
44. How do you parameterize a test plan in JMeter?
So since parameterization is the process of executing the same test scripts with multiple data sets. In Jmeter you can do this using a CSV Data set config or User Defined Variables.
46. Since you are in an Agile team? Can you explain the process A to Z?
Project Initiation: The project is initiated with a high-level scope and goals. In Agile, you don’t need a fully detailed long-term plan, but you need a general direction.
Roles and Responsibilities: Define the team structure. Agile teams are usually cross-functional and include roles such as Product Owner, Scrum Master, and Team Members.
Product Backlog Creation: The Product Owner creates a product backlog which is a prioritized list of features, bug fixes, and all changes to be made to the product.
Sprint Planning: The team holds a sprint planning meeting to decide on the set of features from the product backlog that will be worked on during the next sprint (usually 2-4 weeks).
Daily Stand-up: Each day of the sprint, a short stand-up meeting is held, usually 15 minutes, where team members discuss what they completed yesterday, what they will work on today, and identify any blockers.
Development and Testing: The development team works on the tasks decided in the sprint planning. Agile promotes a testing approach that runs in parallel, so QA members should be involved early and continuously.
Backlog Grooming/Refinement: During the sprint, the product backlog is also continuously updated and prioritized to ensure that the team is always working on the most valuable features.
Sprint Review: At the end of the sprint, a review is held to demonstrate the functionality created during the sprint. It’s a time for feedback from stakeholders and for the team to see what they accomplished.
Sprint Retrospective(ret·ro·spec·tiv): After the sprint review, the team holds a retrospective to discuss what went well, what could be improved, and what will be done differently in the next sprint.
Release Planning and Deployment: Depending on the project, a release might include the features from one or more sprints. The team needs to plan the release and coordinate the deployment.
Feedback and Adaptation: After the release, the team collects feedback from end-users and any data that can be useful for improving the product.
Next Sprint Planning: The process is iterative, so after one sprint ends, the next begins"
48. Have you used Excel sheets in the automation? Yes, often.
49. On the DB side, so are you writing SQL queries on daily basis or sometimes you are?
Sometimes are, generally with me they just want it to look more professional or presentable.
50. When you are testing an application, how do you handle the process when the data is coming from different sources, such as login data and password data?
Data necessarily needs to be managed depending on the data sources. Login data might be stored in a database while passwords might be stored in configuration files. Generally the data is stored in a centralized data repository (such as Excel sheets). The short answer is different data might go to the same place ultimately but needs to be organized appropriate to the company's wants.
51. You run the test in the night. And you get the report in the morning. Then what do you do?
Review it, check for and log the defects. Update the Test execution status (ie what passeed and failed). You share the results and if necessary discuss results at meeting if a plan for additional testing is needed.
Project Specific 2*******************************************************************
1. What team management methodology did you use?
Agile Scrum Methodology. Scrum is subset of Agile.
2. What is Agile methodology?
Agile methodology is where we can deliver the product faster to our client more frequently and we get the feedback from the customer which helps us to improving the software quality. It promotes team collabaration and continuous delivery. Agile methodologies include Scrum, Kanban, Extreme Programming (XP).
4. Do you ever write test plans or involved writing test plans? And, Do you have experience in Automation testing?"
Yes.
7. Can you please explain your overall project structure?
Yes, The project is called ERP (enterprise resource planning) for club management. In the project, we use BDD selenium. We use Java programming language with Page Object Model Concept. We use jenkins for continuous test and make report. We use github for store our code and repositories.
8. What TEST MANAGEMENT TOOL do you use in your project? Or, Which bug-tracking tool that you use?"
Jira
9. Can you explain the steps while you raise a bug?
1. Log in to JIRA and navigate to the project.
2. Click on the "Create" button in the top navigation bar to create a new issue.
3. In the "Issue Type" field, select "Bug".
4. Fill in the details of the bug.
5. Assign the bug to the appropriate team or individual.
6. Set the priority.
7. Add any relevant labels or tags to the bug to help categorize.
8. Click on the "Create" button to create the bug.
9. Once the bug is created, it will be added to the project's issue tracker."
10. In hook file, before or before-class which one will execute first?
In a hook file, the @BeforeClass annotation will execute before the @Before annotation. Because @BeforeClass annotation is applied to a class, while the @Before annotation is applied to a method.
11. As default dry-run is always false, what happens if I put dry-run true, what message I will get?
"If you set the dryrun parameter to true, the program will not actually execute any actions but instead will simulate them and return a message indicating what actions would have been taken.Here is an example of the message you may get when setting dryrun to true:
{"dryrun": true,
"message": "The program would perform the following actions: [action 1, action 2, action 3]"
}
12. I have 10 feature files. But I want to run 3, how can I do that? "
will put the tags like @sanity, @smoke, @regression and this will run those 3 features file except others.
cucumber --tags @smoke @sanity @regression"
13. How can run only 2 test cases at the same time? (Also known as Parallelization) In Jenkins, in build with parameters section, if we put ThreadCount 2. This will run 2 test cases at sametime or parallaly.
14. What is Extent report and annual report?
"Extent Reports is an open-source reporting library useful for test automation. These reports are HTML documents that contains results. It shows logs, snapshots, and other customized details.
Annual reports are a type of report that is used to summarize the activities and performance of a company or organization for a given year. They are typically published once a year."
15. Test case 0, 2, 4. Which one will execute first?
Test case 0 will execute first and one after like 2,4.
16. What is the framework you use for your automation project? Or, Can you explain what kind of framework you worked on?"
Data driven framework. and rest assued framework
18. Explain your sprint system both Development and TEST? Or, How about your experience on sprint?
Daily stand up , - Checking regression, Checking Pull requests. Doing Tasks that were assigned to you in the sprint planning
20. Are you mainly developing scripts in automation or executing test cases only?
I played a huge part developing the automation framework ,i also write new automation test cases. The executes in scheduled time
21. How do you extract more logs about the bugs that I put it on JIRA,, like how I can see where the test actually failed?? Would you do that generally?
I create cucumber using Allure reporting that shows the logs about the bugs
Using Log4j, and also the report like Allure, cucumber report and extent report shows"
22. What are the meetings happen on your Agile project?
Sprint Planning (before sprint):
Tester decides how many hours (Effort Estimation) it should take to finish testing the test cases.
Tester contributes to the prioritizing process
Sprint:
Test execution is performed, bugs/issues/defects (it all means the same) are reported in Jira, Issues can be analyzed during the stand-up meeting. Defects are retested as soon as it is resolved (fixed) and deployed for testing
Deployed / Deployment = changes/new code (the fix) is ready to be tested. It is the responsibility of the deployment team to move the changes from DEV (Development) to QA.
Sprint Retrospective:
Tester will figure out what went wrong and what went right in the current sprint
Tester identifies lessons learned and best practices
Meetings during Sprint (“Ceremonies”):
Sprint planning meeting where the team answers two basic questions:
What work can get done in this sprint and how will it be done?
Attendees: Development, Product Manager (scrum master), Product owner (usually the Product Manager)
When: At the beginning of a sprint
Duration: Usually an hour
Purpose: Product owner will have a prioritized product backlog. They discuss each item with the development team, and the group collectively estimates the effort involved. The development team will then make a sprint forecast outlining how much work the team can complete from the product backlog.
That body of work then becomes the sprint backlog.
Daily Stand-up(in some companies it’s not daily for QA and in some they don’t have it at all)
Attendees: development team, scrum master, product owner
When: Once per day, typically in the morning.
Duration: Around 15 minutes.
Purpose: Quickly inform everyone of what's going on across the team. It's not a detailed status meeting. The tone should be light and fun, but informative.
Have each team member answer the following questions:
What will I work on today?
What did I complete yesterday? (just in case that others are telling it too)
Am I blocked by anything? (just if you are, in most cases you want to discuss issues after the meeting 1 on 1 with the relevant people to not waste time of others)
Sprint Review-->
Attendees: development team, scrum master, product owner
Optional: project stakeholders
When: At the end of a sprint
Duration: 30-60 minutes.
Purpose: A sprint review is about demonstrating the work of the entire team: designers, developers, and the product owner. Team members gather around a desk for informal demos and describe the work they’ve done for that iteration. It’s a time to ask questions, try new features, and give feedback (usually not by QA)
Team answer the following questions:
What We're Doing Awesome
What We Could Be Doing Better
What Outside the Team Needs to Change
Feedback of Team Members
Other meetings
QA team meetings
Meetings for all company employees (celebrations, COVID updates, happy hour…)
Trainings, lunch and learn, free to join meetings (“Women in tech” etc)"
23. Are you doing Cross-browser testing?
Yes. In selenium we define webdriver for that.
24. As you are working in an Agile environment, what ceremonies are you attending?
"Agile ceremonies are meetings where a development team comes together to keep each other updated on their project's details. At the same time, other Scrum ceremonies, such as the sprint retrospective, helps the scrum team look back on their work and find ways of improving for future sprints.
The agile ceremonies list includes:
1. Sprint Planning
2. Daily Stand-Up
3. Sprint Review
4. Sprint Retrospective"
25. As you’re in scrum team, who are the members in your team?
QA team (team lead), development team (team lead, software developer manager), product manager
26. What is your approach in defect life cycle?
Defect Identification: The first step is to identify the defect by observing any deviation from the expected behavior or from the requirements. This can be done through testing or by customer feedback.
Defect Logging: Once a defect is identified, it needs to be logged into a tracking system or tool with as much information as possible about the defect, such as the steps to reproduce it, screenshots or logs, and the severity of the defect.
Defect Prioritization: After the defect is logged, it is prioritized based on its severity, impact on the system, and the urgency of the issue.
Defect Assigning: Once the defect is prioritized, it is assigned to the relevant team or individual for investigation and resolution.
Defect Fixing: The assigned team or individual works to reproduce the defect, identify the root cause, and develop a fix for the issue.
Defect Verification: After the fix is developed, it needs to be tested to ensure that it resolves the issue and does not create any new problems.
Defect Closing: Once the fix is verified, the defect is closed, and the resolution is documented in the tracking system or tool.
Defect Reporting: Regular reports are generated to keep the stakeholders informed about the status of defects, their severity, the progress in resolving them, and any emerging patterns or trends."
27. If you can’t deliver on-time, what is the communication process you follow?
I may open communications with my team-lead first, then follow-up to the manager, I may apologize for the inconvenience and explain what are the reasons you didn't finish on time, then, I may propose a new date where I know I'll be able to deliver on time.
28. If you are put on extra work on your regular work, how do you prioritize first?
I will make a list of all my tasks. And then start doing up by urgencies.
30. How you will participate in root/impact cause analysis and what is the next step? 1. Define the event
2. Find causes
3. Finding the root cause
4. Find solutions (this is next step after finding the root cause)
5. Take action
6. Verify solution effectiveness
https://evocon.com/articles/perform-root-cause-analysis/#:~:text=Define%20the%20event,Verify%20solution%20effectiveness"
31. When do we stop testing?
we never stop testing. we are running all the test cases every single day thru Jenkins. we are executing and verifying failures every single day
32. How do you know when the product is ready to be released? When all the minimum requirements and functionalities are satisfied.
33. What is sign-off?
In QA, sign-off is declaring that testing is complete and that the software is ready to be released.
34. What do MannualQA Engineers do before release?
Mannual tester- Make sure features that are going to be released for this sprint. Mannual testers tests those features and make sure they are working properly.
What do Automation Engineer does before release: Automation engineer executes the regression suite thru jenkins to make sure all the test cases are working with the current features
35. What do QA Automation Engineers do after release?
Autiomation engineers makes autiomation testcase for that feature that was released.
36. How many test cases did you execute on average per day?
in our current company we execute 1500 test cases a day thru Jenkins regression execution.
38. In a sprint, how many test cases you can write?
In a sprint i can script 4 end to end or functinal testcaes
39. What are the points should be considered while writing test cases?
1. Test cases should be based on the requirements.
2. Clear and concise
3. Maintainable and traceble.”
40. What type of testing are you doing (like smoke, sanity, database, api, regression, re-testing, load, stress.. etc.)
1) regression
2) End to End test executions
3) Smoke test
4) Sanity test
42. Why we put monochrome=true most of the time and what will happen if i put monochrome=false?
Most of the time, monochrome is set to true to make it easier to read the test output.
If we set monochrome to false, the output of the test will be displayed in color and make the report harder to read."
44. Have you deal any defects which are rejected by development team?
Project Specific 3********************************************************************
1. Why do you think manual testing is important?
Manual testing is an essential part of the software development life cycle (SDLC) and plays a crucial role in ensuring that the end product meets customer requirements. Human insight: Manual testers can provide valuable insights as they have human intuition, experience, and creativity to identify issues that automated tests may miss.
2. Where do you track your test cases?
jira
3. If you found a defect, how do you raise a defect and how do you report?
4. If you found a defect and developer said "This defect is not in my system." Then what you do?
1. Will Check if it's an environment issue
2. Share evidence of the defect: If I have clear evidence of the defect
3. Collaborate with team members”
6. You found a defect and developer said “its not a defect”. How do you deal with this situation?
Provide evidence of the defect: Share test results/evidence like screenshots or videos which clearly demonstrate problem exists in codebase/application.
Explain impact on user experience and business value proposition if left unresolved
Collaborate with team members
Most important things is we not gonna fight each-other instead we will accomplish the things together"
7. If you are in gas station to purchase a fuel, provide some scenarios to deal with gas pump?
8. With a loyalty card, provide some scenarios to deal with gas pump?
9. You done your testing and you found no problem. But in the production, they found a defect. What is opinion that what thing gone wrong?
Most probably there were no testcase for that feature . So the best apporach will be to make that testcase
10. As a team-member, I am asking you to send me a detail-report by using email. How do you configure that?
So what i am gonna do, I will check first what test cases are failed, I will mark it. Then I will investigate why those failed. There are a lot of reasons it may fail like environment/server slow, or element change. Then what I am doing with those failing test cases? I will make a detail report and then I will share it.
11. In your framework, how do you read the test data in your script?
There are three types of things we can read. Sometimes we directly hard-coded the data, sometimes we take data from Excel; sometimes we take from CSV file.
12. Do you have experience with JS framework? What is JS Framwork?
No. But I know its a JavaScript framework. Never had to chance to learn more.
14. Have you done testing in not including cucumber, just straight the Java selenium without the cucumber.
The one I am working on is BDD cucumber. However, I know how to do the automation just with the Java selenium without the cucumber. Its like same like Page object feature, but in cucumber we do some extra step like attaching test case in given, when, then format.
15. What is white box testing? Who do the white box testing?
White box testing is a type of software testing in which the tester has knowledge of the internal workings, structure, and implementation details of an application.
QA engineers do the white box testing."
17. How you analyse that test cases can be automated or not.
1. repetitive and time-consuming tests are good candidates for automation.
2. If test case has frequent changes in UI or functionality then its less ideal for Automation.
3. If an application requires testing multiple data sets (positive / negative) - Automating these scenarios would save significant manual effort/time
4. If the test case has very Complexity then it is good for automation."
18. What are things we can’t automate?
Nowadays you can automate anything or everything. However, there are some things we can automate is like a captcha or “Are you a human or robot checking”. So, for the qa environment developer turn off those features so we can perform testing.
19. If you join somewhere and then the team asks you to create a framework, what will be your approach?
First I need to start my project. Like I can create a Maven project in that we need to define what tools we need to use. I need to create a framework in a cucumber manner with Java language. So I create a Maven project in that I need to add some dependencies in the pom.xml dependencies like whatever we needed in the cucumber project and supporting tools. Suppose I'm using the TestNG with the cucumber. So I need to add the dependency of the TestNG. So after adding all those things, I need to define like, I need to write my framework. I am using the cucumber framework. So in that three major components are using the first components is a feature file. So in the feature file, because I am using a behavior driven development methodology. So basically, the behavior driven means it is understandable by a non-technical and technical person, and it is written in a plain English language, which is a Gherkin language and some predefined keywords are there like a feature scenario given when then all those features are there. So I need to create my framework from the feature file. So my first component is a feature file and my requirement is a login page. So I can define my feature as a login. I can define my scenario as a user should land on the login page. And then I need to define some test steps over there in the scenario steps like given user is already on the login page and then user enter user name password. And then I need to go to validate the dashboard page or homepage, whatever it is. So that is my feature file. So I need to connect my feature file to the step definition file. So that is my second component is a step definition file. So in the step definition file, I need to write my Java code and I need to glued all those whatever test cases I'm writing in the feature file. I need to glued those all those test cases in the step definition with the annotations given when then. And after that, I have a third component, which is a runner class and which is a bridge between the feature file and the step definition. So runner class is like I need to define some annotations in the runner class like run with Cucumber.class at the root Cucumber options in that I need to define some parameters over there. So parameters like feature. So in that I need to give the path of the feature file and in the second some parameters like glue, monogram, dry run, plugins over there. So after that my like I created some of the features, some of the components over there and I am following the design pattern as a page object model. So for that whatever the web page I need to test, I need to create a page class of that particular web page. In that page class, I need to define all the web elements location. Location means I can define suppose user name I am fetching through the ID or password I am fetching through the ID and if login I need to define the buttons and corresponding I need to create those elements and corresponding methods in the page class. And then I need to connect the page class to the step definition through the object. And so this is all my setup in the program framework and after that we can work on that. Thank you. I am just continuing the same on what my manager asked.
20. Do you have you ever heard about defect rejection ratio or defect leakage ratio?
Rejection ratio versus defect leakage ratio. "Defect leakage ratio – this refers to the number of defects that have been undetected during the project (SDLC) and ended up in production. These could be due to number of issues such as poor environment, functional testing coverage, missing or incorrect requirements.
The ratio can be determined with the following formula:
PD / (TD – RD) * 100
PD = Total number of defects found in production
TD = Total number of defects found during testing
RD = Total number of rejected/invalid/cancelled defects
Defect rejection ratio - Defect rejection ratio refers to the number of defects that were raised that have been rejected divided by the total number of defects raised. There are 3 main categories/types of rejected bugs: irreproducible, incorrect and duplicate bugs.
Ratio is formulated as follows:
(Defects Rejected as invalid by Development team / Total number of defects logged) * 10"
22. You completed your commitments in time, but one of your fellow customers was not able and getting down to crunch time. And your fellow peer is not able to complete in a timely manner because maybe there was issues with the code. A lot of defects. What do you do in that situation?
I will help my teammate, also I will raise a concern to the QA Manager that we might need more time or effort/resources/people to finish this testing on time - if I see that the tasks are complicated or time-consuming.
23. There is a common method. In future you don't have that common method like the new functionality added in the common method. So how are you going to tackle this and how you will try to?
We have to write new test cases; add new test cases and obviously write the automation script according to the situation.
25. How do you manage your day?
So every day we do have a meeting, a daily meeting, we, we call it a daily stand up meeting in the morning.
So basically we discuss what we did yesterday, what we are doing today. You know, if there are any.
Any questions that we have any impediments that we would like to, we would like the scrum master to help us resolve.So all that we discussed in the morning then then I go back to my desk and then I, you know, kind of work because we have automated. That we are automating some requirements and we are doing manual testing to some requirements.
So then I refresh the code on the Git to make sure that if there is no more code that I need to pull that is the first thing that I do also.
Then after that I I check my emails to see that you know.
After the stand up meeting, if there is Any any updates?
Of course we are sent the minutes of the meeting and stuff so we I just want to, you know, first update myself on that.
Then I start working on what my project, what my tasks are for the day.
So you know if I have a certain user, certain number of user stories that I'm working on.
You know that are needed to be tested.
Then I work on that on them during the day because we have.
In my current job, we have two week of Sprint, so I mean every company is different.
But in our company we have a two week Sprint.
We are following the scrum framework right now.
So I basically work on my Part of the user stories.
Whatever I'm working on and then, you know, we have back and forth communication with the developers and stuff. So yeah, that's how my day goes and the and at the end of the day we are.
I mean, I do like every alternate day I have regression test kind of scheduled that I do, you know testing to make sure that you know whatever new codes have been pulled from Git, it's not damaging the old code."
27. You just join the team. So, what’s your methodology to get the business knowledge?
I started from learning about the product and its documentation, reading the requirements, test plans and test cases , what aries to test , and how the product will work. I will arrange meetings and ask about their experience, do they work close with qa, what do they think should be improved and to listen about project, architecture and if something unclear I will ask my team-lead/manager for more clarification.
36.one test case in continuously failing even you do the right code. What will you do?
37. Let's say I have a method, and inside the method I have, like, assertion 1, assertion 2, and assertion 3. It gets to assertion 1, and it fails. How would I write my test script so instead of going, instead of, like, automatically saying, stop execution of the test script, it would go instead to assertion 2 and assertion 3.
38. What you do in test plan?
So some components of a test plan include, obviously, the description of the test, what we're testing of the software. It includes our test scenarios, our test data, includes our resources environment and where the test is testing will take care of. It'll include our acceptance criteria. Our, um, it'll also includes time towards the test cases. And also, uh, it'll include our Test case. A passable scenarios.
41. Let's take the same example. Deliverables need to finish on time. And there is some lag from your team due to various reasons. How do you accept this challenge and how exactly you proceed as a lead?
Yeah, so that is a pretty big challenge to face. Obviously we want to meet the stakeholders expectations with our testing and development. The best thing I can think of is possibly making sure that all of our main functional test cases are complete, making sure that our test coverage is sufficient enough to cover our program, which allows us to ensure all the test coverage is done for all the important functionalities, and then move to the next sprint with our test cases that may have not been completed.
Selenium, BDD ***********************************************************
1. What is Selenium?
Selenium is a popular open-source automation testing tool widely used for web-application testing. It allows developers to write automated tests in various programming languages like Java, Python, Ruby etc., and execute them against different browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Safari etc.
2. Explain Selenium wait?
Implicit wait: We put in the code once and it’ll be applied for all the functions
Explicit wait: We put into the function where we need to wait conditional wait
Non-Selenium wait:
Sleep: default function of programming language, not recommended to use in automation"
3. Explain BDD framework.
Why do we use BDD framework / Benefits of using BDD framework?" "BDD stands for Behavior-Driven Development. In BDD, test cases are written in the form of scenarios, which describe the behavior of the application in a specific context.
We use it because:
1. Increased visibility of the testing process for all team members
2. Improved test coverage and test quality
3. Faster feedback on code changes
4. Reduced development and testing time
5. Higher customer satisfaction due to better alignment of software with business goals"
3. What is TDD? TDD stands for Test-Driven Development, which is a software development methodology that involves writing automated tests before writing the actual code. However, I am not using that in my prject.
4. What is a headless browser?
A headless browser is a web browser without a graphical user interface.
5. Have you ever used headless browsers?
Yes. in jenkins we did headless browser execution
6. Explain Synchronization in Selenium.
Two type of waits helps us to synchronize
1. Implicit wait: We put in the code once and it’ll be applied for all the functions
2. Explicit wait: We put into the function where we need to wait"
7. Difference between Submit and Click in selenium.
"submit" method is used to submit a form to the server.
"click" method is used to click a button or a link. "
9. Ways to find broken links in selenium (except using HTTPURL connection). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZRlQvGIhvho
10. Test scenarios for Amazon search results page
Here are some test scenarios for the Amazon search results page:
1. Verify that the search results page is displayed when a user enters a valid search term in the search bar and clicks on the search button.
2. Verify that the search results page displays the correct number of search results for the entered search term.
3. Verify that the search results page is responsive and works correctly on different screen sizes and resolutions. Pls check this git hub link for automation example:https://github.com/celikgumusdag/selenium-automation-amazon/blob/master/src/test/java/Search.java"
11. Test scenarios for Screen sharing in an app.
Here are some test scenarios for screen sharing in an app:
1. Verify that the app allows the user to initiate a screen sharing session with another user.
2. Verify that the app provides clear instructions for the user to start and end a screen sharing session.
3. Verify that the app allows the user to pause or stop screen sharing at any time during the session."
12. What is Absolute and Relative xpath?
Absolute XPath: this one is the complex Path of the element starting from the root. It is the direct way to find the element, but the disadvantage of the absolute XPath is that if there are any changes made in the path of the element then that XPath gets failed.
Relative XPath – in this case, the path starts from the middle of the HTML DOM structure. It starts with the double forward-slash (//), which means it can search the element anywhere on the webpage. "
13. Difference between "findelement" and "findelements".
find_element
● will find the first matching element.
● will throw NoSuchElementException if the element is not found.
find_elements
● will find all the matching elements.
● will return an empty list if the elements are not found."
14. Difference between get and navigate method in Selenium? "GET will wait till the whole page gets loaded.
NAVIGATE will just redirect to our required page and will not wait. It will guide us through the history like refresh, back, forward. For example if we want to move forward and do some functionality, we need use naviagte."
15. Difference between quit and close methods in Webdiver? "close( ) WebDriver closes the Browser window which is in focus.
quit( ) WebDriver closes all the Browser windows."
16. What is Webdriver and Webdriver protocol? "WebDriver is an open-source framework for automating web browsers. It provides a programming interface to interact with web browsers such as Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge.
WebDriver protocol is a standardized way of communicating with web browsers using WebDriver. The WebDriver protocol defines a set of RESTful APIs that allow you to control web browsers programmatically."
17. How selenium connects to the Java language and the browser?
1. Download & Install JDK.
2. Configure IDE.
3. Add Selenium WebDriver library (Maven)
4. Create Test Script.
5. Run Test Script (TestNG)”
18. If you have to execute JavaScript like button, how do you approach it?
Create an instance of the JavascriptExecutor. Then Use the executeScript().
Example:
try{
// Step 1: Casting webdriver instance to javaScript executor
JavascriptExecutor js=(JavascriptExecutor)driver;
// Step 2 : Executing script (clicking button)
WebElement btnElement=driver.findElement(By.id(""myButtonId""));
js.executeScript(""arguments[0].click();"",btnElement);
} catch(Exception e){
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}"
19. How would you handle the iframe?
1. Identify the iframe.
2. Switch to the iframe: Use driver.switchTo().frame()
3. Perform required operations on elements inside that frame: Locate element with findElement() and sendKeys()
4. Switch back to default content: driver.switchTo().defaultContent()”
20. You come across a web page and it's very dynamic how do you handle waiting for page to be ready or certain elements to be appear on the page.
I have to use Explicit wait . watforpage to load with element to be visible or clickable
21. What are the limitations of selenium webdriver?
1. Limited support for desktop applications: Selenium WebDriver is primarily used to test web-based applications and does not have native support for desktop applications.
2. Handling CAPTCHA.
3. Difficulty with handling dynamic elements: f the website under test contains dynamic elements that change frequently such as pop-ups or overlays, it can be challenging for Selenium WebDriver to identify and interact with them correctly.
4. Limited mobile device support."
22. What are the ways you find the element in the selenium?
ID, Name, Class Name, Tag Name, Link Text and Partial Link Text, CSS Selector, Xpath
23. You have a dropdown list on the webpage. let's say you need to add dropdown values like option with checkboxes. Select all options which is unselected. What will your step and logic here?
// Locate the dropdown element on the webpage
WebElement dropdown = driver.findElement(By.id(""myDropdown""));
// Get all option elements within the dropdown
List<WebElement> options = dropdown.findElements(By.xpath("".//input[@type='checkbox']""));
// Iterate through each option and select it if it's not already selected
for (WebElement option : options) {
if (!option.isSelected()) {
// Scroll into view (if needed) and click on checkbox to mark it as selected
((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(""arguments[0].scrollIntoView(true);"", option);
option.click();
}
}
Explanation of code snippet:
We first locate the select element containing our desired options by their ID.
We then use .findElements() method to get all input fields inside this select.
Next, we iterate over these input fields one-by-one using a for loop.
If an input field is found to be unselected (using its isSelected() method), we scroll that field into view so that it's clickable and then click on its checkbox or label using .click().
The final result should be that all previously-unselected inputs are now checked.
<select id=""myDropdown"">
<option><input type=""checkbox"" value=""option1""> Option 1</option>
<option><input type=""checkbox"" value=""option2""> Option 2</option>
<option><input type=""checkbox"" value=""option3""> Option 3</option>
</select>"
24. What is cucumber? What are advantages and disadvantage? "Cucumber is a testing framework that allows developers to write tests in natural language using Gherkin syntax.
Advantages of Cucumber:
Reusability, Easy Readability
Disadvantages of Cucumber:
It requires user involvement to describe scenarios right
Requires maintenance of both steps and scenarios"
25. What is the difference between soft and hard assertion?
Hard assertion:With hard assertion, any error that occurs in a test case will cause the entire script to stop executing.
Soft assertion: with soft assertion, even if an assertion fails within a test case, the remaining part of script continues to execute without getting halted until all checks have been completed allowing us track down multiple problems at once before failing out altogether.
"
26. Where do we go for implicit? Where do we go for extra time?
We generally use implicit wait when we know that some elements may take longer to load or become visible on the page and we want our test script to wait until they appear before proceeding with further actions. This can help us avoid NoSuchElementException errors that might occur due to race conditions between webdriver and actual webpage rendering.
28. So which one the framework recommends? Implicit or explicit?
The recommendation for using Implicit or Explicit waits in Java Selenium framework depends on the specific scenario and use case.
29. In Selenium, how do you check for broken links?
There are 100 links on a web page and how do you check for broken links on that page? "In Java Selenium, we can find broken links on a webpage by iterating through all the links present on that page and checking their response status code. If the status code is not 200 (OK), it means that link is broken..
Example:
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.util.List;
public class FindBrokenLinks {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get(""https://www.example.com"");
List<WebElement> links = driver.findElements(By.tagName(""a""));
for (WebElement link : links) {
String href = link.getAttribute(""href"");
verifyLinkActive(href);
}
// Close Browser
driver.quit();
}
public static void verifyLinkActive(String url){
try {
URL obj = new URL(url);
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection)obj.openConnection();
conn.setConnectTimeout(3000); // Timeout set as 3 seconds
// Request Method Head , No need to download entire resource.
conn.setRequestMethod(""HEAD"");
int statusCode=conn.getResponseCode();
if(statusCode>=400){
System.out.println(url+"" - Broken Link with Status Code ""+statusCode);
} else{
System.out.println(url+"" - Working Fine with Status Code ""+statusCode);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}"
30. What is scenario outline in cucumber?
Feature: Test Login feature with multiple credentials
@AB1
Scenario Outline:TestCase:""<TCID>""Test Newtour website with Multiple credentials
Given Open the browser and open application
When user enter ""<username>"" and ""<password>""
Then user should be successfully login into Application
Examples:
| TCID | username | password |
| TC1 | mercury | mercury |
| TC2 | mercury | mercury |
| TC3 | mercury | mercury |
| TC4 | mercury | mercury |"
TestNG ****************************************************************************
1. Do you use any TestNG framework?
Yes, TestNG is a testing framework for Java that helps to organize and execute test cases.
2. Can you explain different types of annotation in TestNG?
@Test: This will execute all methods marked with this annotation as part of the test suite.
@BeforeSuite: should be executed before any of the test methods in the suite are executed.
@AfterSuite: should be executed after all of the test methods in the suite have been executed.
@BeforeTest: should be executed before any of the test methods in the current test tag are executed.
@AfterTest: should be executed after all of the test methods in the current test tag have been executed.
@BeforeClass: should be executed before the first test method in the current test class is executed.
@AfterClass: should be executed after all of the test methods in the current test class have been executed.
@BeforeMethod: should be executed before each test method in the current test class is executed.
@AfterMethod: should be executed after each test method in the current test class is executed.
3. Have you used hook file? Please explain.
In Hook, we use different kinds of annotations for executed before or after specific events in the test execution process such as @Before, @AfterStep, @After for capturing the failed test-cases, cleanup the driver.
4. In TestNG, how can I run only Failed Test cases?
In TestNG, I can run only failed test cases by using the testng-failed.xml file. This file is created automatically by TestNG when a test run is completed and contains the list of all the failed test cases.
To run only the failed test cases, you need to do the following:
1. Create a new XML file, for example failed-tests.xml.
2. Add the suite tag to the XML file ""Failed Test Suite"".
3. Inside the suite tag, add the test tag and set the name attribute to ""Failed Tests"".
4. We need to use Listener.
6. Save the XML file.
7. Open the command prompt and Run the following command to execute the failed test cases:
java -cp ""testng.jar;bin"" org.testng.TestNG failed-tests.xml
This command will execute only the failed test cases and generate a new report with the results of the failed tests."
5. Have you ever applied to a listener class in TestNG? idea about listener class?
No, I didnot.
But, I have idea of it. TestNG provides a bunch of listeners as a part of its testing environment. These listeners are as follows:
TestListener
Reporter
SuiteListener
InvokedMethod
Hookable
ConfigurationListener
ConfigurableListener
AnnotationTransformer
Execution
MethodInterceptor"
6. In TestNG, how can I run a particular test case end number of time?
In TestNG, you can run a particular test case a specific number of times by using the invocationCount attribute of the @Test annotation. The invocationCount attribute specifies the number of times a test method should be invoked.
Here is an example of using invocationCount to run a test method 5 times:
@Test(invocationCount = 5)
public void myTestMethod() {
// Test code goes here
}"
7. Difference between after-suite and before-suite.
After-Suite is executed after all the test methods in the suite are executed.
Before-Suite is executed before any of the test methods in the suite are executed."
8. What is pom.xml and testng.xml?
pom.xml is a file that contains information about a Maven project. It specifies the project's dependencies, build settings, and other information.
testng.xml is a file that contains information about a TestNG test suite. It specifies the tests that are included in the suite and how they should be run."
9. How many suits can be there in TestNG?
What if I run all the suits? "There is no limit to the number of suites that can be defined in a TestNG test suite.
If I run all of the suites in a test suite, it may take a long time to complete, and I may not be able to identify the source of any errors that occur. It is recommended to run suites in groups of 5-10.”
10. Are you familiar with data-provider? What is data provider?
Yes.
Data Provider in Java Selenium is an approach for passing data sets to test methods via another method annotated with @DataProvider. This allows you to run tests with different input values without having to write separate test methods for each set of inputs."
11. What is the difference between Junit and TestNG?
1. Annotations: TestNG provides more annotations than JUnit which makes it easier to write complex test cases that need additional setup/teardown or configuration before execution.
2. Grouping: Grouping feature is available only in TestNG; allowing testers to execute specific set of tests based on certain criteria like smoke/regression etc
3. Parallel Execution: TestNG has, JUnit doesnot.
4. Data Providers: TestNG has, JUnit doesnot."
12. What will happen priority=0 in TestNG?
It will execute the first one.
13. Explain grouping in TestNG?
1. How do you use OOPS concept in Selenium? Or, Basic priciples of page object model / page object pattern."
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) concepts can be used in Selenium to create more modular and maintainable test automation code. Here are some examples of how OOP concepts can be applied in Selenium:
Encapsulation: In Selenium, we can encapsulate the page objects by creating a separate class for each page, which contains the page elements and their corresponding methods.
Inheritance: In Selenium, we can use inheritance to create a base page object class that contains common page elements and methods, which can be inherited by the child page object classes. This way, we can reduce code duplication and make the code more maintainable.
Polymorphism: Polymorphism allows an object to take on many forms. In Selenium, we can use polymorphism to create different implementations of the same method for different page objects. For example, if we have a method to click a button, we can create different implementations for different types of buttons, such as regular buttons, dropdown buttons, etc.
Abstraction: In Selenium, we can use abstraction to create an interface for the page objects, which only exposes the essential methods for interacting with the page. This way, the test automation code can work with any page object that implements the interface. https://www.softwaretestingmaterial.com/oops-concept-in-automation-framework/"
2. Have you used Super interface in selenium? Please explain.
Super interfaces in Selenium are used to extend the functionality of the base WebDriver interface by providing additional methods and constants. By extending these super interfaces, we can access additional functionality that is not available in the base interface.
3. Why should I use constructor?
Object consistency: Constructors can be used to ensure that an object is created in a consistent and valid state. For example, if you have a class that represents a person, you can use a constructor to ensure that the person object always has a valid name and age.
Facilitating code reuse: Constructors can be used to create object instances that share a common set of properties or behavior. This can make it easier to create and reuse object instances throughout codebase."
4. I am getting stale element reference exception. What would be the cause for it?
A stale element reference exception is thrown when a referenced web element is no longer attached to the DOM or has become stale. This can happen for several reasons, such as the page being reloaded, a new page being loaded, or the element being modified by JavaScript after it was initially loaded.
1. Test failure: This makes test fail.
2. Reduced test coverage: If a stale element reference causes a test to fail, you may need to exclude that test from your test suite, which can reduce your overall test coverage and leave you with blind spots in your application.
3. Maintenance overhead: If you have a lot of tests that rely on web elements, you may need to spend a lot of time updating them to handle stale element references.
Using explicit waits can help the avoid Stale Element exception."
5. Explain -- Page Object Model, Page Factory, Page Object Pattern.
Page Object Model (POM) and Page Factory are design patterns used in Selenium to create more modular and maintainable test automation code.
Page Object Model (POM) is creating a separate class for each page of the application. Each page class contains the page elements and their corresponding methods. The test automation code interacts with the page classes instead of the individual page elements, which makes the code more modular and easier to maintain.
Page Factory is a design pattern that complements POM by providing a convenient way to initialize the page elements in the page classes. The Page Factory class uses annotations to identify the page elements in the page classes and initializes them using the initElements method. This allows the page elements to be initialized, which can improve test performance."
7. Difference between Abstraction and interface.
Abstraction:
Abstraction is a process of hiding the implementation details and showing only functionality to the user.
It provides a template for creating classes that share some common attributes and behaviors.
Interface:
An interface is a collection of abstract methods and constants.
It is used to define a set of behaviors that can be used by different classes."
8. What is encapsulation?
In Selenium, we can encapsulate the page objects by creating a separate class for each page, which contains the page elements and their corresponding methods.
9. Difference between throw and throws.
In Java, we use the throw keyword to explicitly throw an exception from a method or block of code.
For example:
public void divide(int num1, int num2) {
if (num2 == 0) {
throw new ArithmeticException(""Cannot divide by zero"");
}
int result = num1 / num2;
}
throws is used to declare that a method can throw an exception.
For example:
public void readFile(String fileName) throws FileNotFoundException {
File file = new File(fileName);
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(file);
// rest of code
}"
10. What are the exceptions you faced and how can you resolve no such element option?
NoSuchElementException: This exception is thrown when Selenium cannot find the element that you are trying to locate.
ElementNotVisibleException: This exception is thrown when Selenium cannot find the element that you are trying to locate because it is not visible on the page.
StaleElementReferenceException: This exception is thrown when Selenium tries to interact with an element that has been removed from the page.
WebDriverException: This exception is a catch-all exception that is thrown for any other errors that occur while using Selenium.
To resolve the ""no such element option"" exception:
1. Use a different locator strategy, such as XPath or CSS.
2. Use the implicit wait or explicit wait to wait for the element to become available.
3. Make sure the element exists on the page."
11. Explain Page Object Model and its advantages. "The Page Object Model is a design pattern that is used in test automation to create a separate class for each page in an application.
This can help to improve the maintainability and readability of your test code."
12. What is hashmap. Can we store them and how to retrieve them?
Hashmap is a data structure that maps keys to values. It is a collection of key-value pairs, where the keys are unique and the values can be any object.
Yes, we can store them and retrieve them by using get() method."
13. How do I make the class abstract?
To make a class abstract in Java, I can use the abstract keyword. Simply put the keyword before the class name at the beginning of the class.
public abstract class MyClass {
// class body
}"
14. What primitives do you know in Java?
In Java, there are eight primitive data types, which are:
byte, short, int, long, float, double, char, boolean
15. What is the difference between primitive data-type and reference data-type?
Primitive data types are basic data types that are built into the Java language. These data types include byte, short, int, long, float, double, char, and boolean. Primitive data types are stored directly in memory and are passed by value.
Reference data types, on the other hand, are more complex data types that are created by the programmer using classes, interfaces, and arrays. These data types include objects, arrays, and interfaces. Reference data types are stored in memory as references (pointers) to objects, and are passed by reference."
16. What is generic in Java? Is Lists or HashMap, generics or not?
Generics is a feature that allows you to parameterize types. Generics enable you to create classes, interfaces, and methods that can work with different types of objects, without requiring you to write separate code for each type.
Both List and HashMap in Java are generic classes. They can be parameterized with a type, such as String, Integer, or any other type. This means that you can create a List or a HashMap that works with any type of object, without having to write separate code for each type."
17. From a compilation perspective, there are two types of exceptions in Java. What are those?
From a compilation perspective, there are two types of exceptions in Java:
1. Checked Exceptions: These are exceptions that are checked at compile-time. This means that the compiler will check if the code that can throw a checked exception has provided a way to handle that exception. If not, the code will not compile. Examples of checked exceptions include IOException, SQLException, and ClassNotFoundException.
2. Unchecked Exceptions: These are exceptions that are not checked at compile-time. This means that the compiler does not require the code to handle these exceptions explicitly. Unchecked exceptions are also called runtime exceptions, and they occur at runtime when something unexpected happens. Examples of unchecked exceptions include NullPointerException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException, and ArithmeticException."
18. What are the exceptions in Java?
1. ArithmeticException : Thrown when an arithmetic operation results in an overflow or a divide-by-zero error.
2. NullPointerException : Thrown when a null reference is used where an object is expected.
3. ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException : Thrown when an array index is out of bounds.
4. IllegalArgumentException : Thrown when an illegal argument is passed to a method.
5. ClassCastException : Thrown when an object is cast to a class of an incompatible type.
6. IOException : Thrown when an I/O operation fails."
20. What package manage tool do you use in your project?
Maven
22. Can one interface extend another interface?
Yes, in Java one interface can extend another interface.
Example:
public interface Vehicle {
void drive();
}
public interface Car extends Vehicle {
void park();
}"
23. Can one class extend another interface?
No, in Java, a class cannot extend an interface.
Example:
public interface Vehicle {
void drive();
}
public class Car implements Vehicle {
public void drive() {
System.out.println(""Driving car..."");
}
}"
24. What is the access modifier in Java?
Access modifiers in Java are keywords used to specify the level of access or visibility that a class, method, or variable has. There are four types of access modifiers in Java: Public, private, protected, default
25. What is the syntax of array?
In Java, an array is a container object that holds a fixed number of values of a single data type.
// Syntax to declare an array
dataType[] arrayName;
// Syntax to initialize an array
arrayName = new dataType[arraySize];
// Or we could do both together like this:
dataType[] arrayName = new dataType[arraySize];
dataType refers to the type of data that will be stored in the array (e.g., int, double, String).
arrayName is the name given to our newly created Array.
arraySize specifies how many elements can be stored inside our Array."
26. What is the difference between HashMap and Hash-Table?
HashMap and HashTable are two data structures in Java that use key-value pairs to store and retrieve data. Although both have similar functionality, there are some differences between them: like Synchronization, Performance.
27. Can we overwrite static method?
In Java, we cannot override or overwrite a static method; instead, we can only hide it.
28. What is Method overloading and method overriding?
Method Overloading
Method overloading is a feature in Java where we can declare multiple methods with the same name within a class, but they must have different parameter lists. This allows programmers to define similar operations on objects of different types or parameters without having to use separate names for each operation.
Example:
public class Example {
public void print(int num) {
System.out.println(""Printing integer: "" + num);
}
public void print(String str) {
System.out.println(""Printing string: "" + str);
}
}
Method Overriding
Method overriding occurs when a subclass provides its own implementation of a method that is already defined by its parent class.
Example:
class Parent {
public void print() {
System.out.println(""Parent"");
}
}
class Child extends Parent {
@Override
public void print() {
System.out.println(""Child"");
}
}
public class Example{
public static void main(String[] args){
Parent p= new Child();
/* Here object type is 'Child' but reference type is 'Parent'
hence Child's print() method gets called at runtime due to
Polymorphism */
p.print(); // Output: ""Child""
}
}"
29. Explain the main method (public static void main(String args[]) in Java?
public: This keyword specifies that the main() method can be accessed by any class in any package.
static: This keyword allows us to call the main() method without having to create an instance of the class containing it. In other words, we don't need to instantiate an object before calling our Main function.
void: The keyword void indicates that this function does not return anything back.
main: This is simply the name assigned to our entry point function/method which could also be changed if needed.
String[] args: These are command-line arguments passed by user at runtime as Array of Strings.
Example:
public class Example {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(""Hello World"");
}
}"
30. How to do inheritance in the class?
Inheritance is a mechanism in Java that allows us to create new classes based on existing ones. Inheritance enables one class, the subclass, to inherit methods and variables from another class called superclass. The syntax for creating an inheritance relationship between two classes is as follows:
class SuperClass {
// Fields
// Methods
}
class SubClass extends SuperClass {
// Fields
// Methods
}"
31. In Java, what's the difference between static method and instance method?
Static Method: A static method is marked with the keyword ""static"" and can be called without creating an object/instance of the class. Static methods are often used for utility functions which do not depend on any specific state or data associated with individual objects. They cannot access non-static variables/methods directly; they have their own scope & memory allocation in JVM.
Instance Method: An instance method can only be called via an instance/object of its corresponding class. These methods can access both static and non-static variables/methods within their own class as well as parameters passed during function call from outside objects/classes."
33. What is garbage collection in Java?
Garbage Collection is a process in Java that automatically frees up memory by removing the objects/instances which are no longer being used or referenced by any part of the program. It helps to avoid memory leaks, where unused objects take up space and can cause performance issues.
Example:
public class MyClass {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str1 = new String(""Hello"");
String str2 = new String(""World"");
// making 'str1' reference null
str1 = null;
// calling garbage collector explicitly
System.gc();
}
}"
How would you find a palindrome
How the oops concept are implemented selenium
https://www.softwaretestingmaterial.com/oops-concept-in-automation-framework/
Technical (Without Code)***********************************************************
1. Can you please explain the software development life cycle process?
The software development life cycle (SDLC) is a process that outlines the steps needed to take a software product from concept to completion. It includes planning, designing, developing, testing, deploying, and maintaining. The primary goal of the SDLC process is to ensure that the software meets the needs of the customer and the stakeholders while being cost-effective and time-efficient.
2. What is Resgression testing and Re testing?
Regression testing is a testing that ensures an application still functions as expected after any code changes, updates, or improvements.
Re-testing is a testing where to make sure that the test cases which failed earlier or new changes are made functioning properly."
3. How do you write a bug report?
I’m going to Jira. Creating a new ticket.
1. Choosing the correct project, choosing the issue type which is a bug report.
2. Writing the Title
3. Description with steps to reproduce, actual and expected behavior,
4. Choose the Environment
5. Set the Priority,
6. Add the Attachments of the screenshots, videos or log files
7. Set the Assignee"
4. If you need to complete 80 test cases in 5 days, but after the first day you completed 8 test cases, what will you do?
I will continue executing test cases; also I will raise a concern to the QA Manager that we might need more time or effort/resources/people to finish this testing on time if I see that the test cases are complicated or time consuming.
5. Explain -- Test Case, Test Plan, Test Suite. "
Test case is a set of instructions where tester will determine whether an application or system meets its requirements and works correctly.
Test plan is a document that outlines the testing approach, objectives, scope, and schedule for a particular software testing effort.
Test suites are created to organize test cases and make them easier to manage and execute. They help to ensure that all the necessary tests are executed in a systematic and efficient manner, and they also provide a way to measure the progress of testing. "
6. If there is no documentation available, how do you know what to test and how to perform testing properly?
I was mostly working with requirements, but in case that I won't have any, I would ask the PM (Product Manager) what is the expected behavior, if that is missing and I'm told to test it without requirements I would just compare it to similar (competitor) quality product and also use the app as a user and will make sure that the app behaves as expected by the user.
I will also ask access to the tickets/stories according to which the app was created by the developers. Those tickets will be our requirements until we receive updated requirements.
I will also ask to schedule a meeting with the product manager, QA and the development to better understand the requirements and the expected behavior. "
7. What is the difference between smoke testing and sanity testing?
Smoke testing: Smoke Testing is performed to verify that the critical functionality of the program is working fine.
Sanity testing: Sanity Testing is done to check the new functionality/bugs have been fixed."
8. Is smoke testing documented or not?
Smoke testing is a type of black-box testing. It is usually documented because it is used to detect bugs and other issues.
9. What is black-box testing?
Black-box testing is a software testing method in which the functionality of an application is tested without having any knowledge of the internal structure or code. It is often used to find errors or bugs in the system and to verify that the application is functioning as expected.
11. What do you mean by severity and priority?
Severity: how it impact the system.
Priority: how it impact business.
High Priority & Low Severity: A button is not opening a page
High Severity & Low Priority: Customers are not able to apply for credit .card. Credit card page is crashing when applying. Credit officer is not getting notification for approval."
12. What is the difference between positive and negative testing?
Positive testing: Positive testing is a testing technique that verifies the software product's behavior when given valid inputs.
Negative testing: Negative testing is a testing technique that verifies the software product's behavior when given invalid inputs."
13. What are the testing techniques?
There are various types of testing techniques, which include:
1. Manual testing
2. Automated testing
3. Exploratory testing
4. Regression testing
5. Performance testing
6. Security testing
7. Usability testing
8. Acceptance testing
9. Integration testing
10. System testing
11. Unit testing"
14. What is the difference between verification and validation?
Verification is a process of determining if the software is designed and developed as per the specified requirements.
Validation is the process of checking if the software (end product) has met the client’s true needs and expectations.
15. What is STLC?
The Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC) is a series of phases that a software testing project goes through to ensure that the software product meets its quality objectives. It has several phases.
1. Requirement Analysis
2. Test Planning
3. Test Design
4. Test Execution
5. Test Reporting
6. Test Closure
16. What is Bug, Defect, Failure?
Bug: A bug is a defect in the software code that causes the software to behave in unexpected manner. It is raised by test engineers.
Defect: when software fail or behave abnormally, that is called defect. It is identified by test engineers and is resolved by programmers or developers.
Failure: When it doesnot meet its specified requirements, that is called failure. It is found in development phase. "
17. What is Functional and Non-Functional testing?
Functional testing verifies that the software's intended functions correctly.
Non-functional verifies the non-functional requirements of the application under test, such as performance, scalability, reliability, usability, security, and compatibility."
19. What is RTM? Who do the RTM?
RTM stands for Requirement Traceability Matrix.
Test Engineers.
22. What are important metrics for measuring quality assurance and why are they important?
Important metrics for measuring quality assurance include:
a) Defect Density : number of defects found
b) Test Coverage : how many tests are covering every features
c) Test Execution Time : total duration taken by all regression/smoke/sanity etc test-cases during each run
24. What is native application?
Native application refers to software that is developed for a specific platform or operating system (OS) such as Windows, MacOS, iOS, or Android. These applications are installed directly on the device and can access all the resources available on that device like camera, contacts etc.
32. From your regression testing 50 of your testcase failed . What will be your next step?
investigate the failures and find out why is is failing. three reason test could fail. bug, synchornization issue, element change
34. What is the difference between test strategy and test plan?
With example like what we do in test strategy and in test plan?
35. You are hitting a request to the server, but you're not getting the response back. How are you going to handle this situation during your testing
Connect wiith the api developer , and if its a bug you will create a bug report
36. What are the techniques usually in test case design?
38. in Java, when you are comparing 2 strings. Which one you choose?
The operator equal to or equals method. "In Java, when we want to compare two strings for equality, we should use the equals() method rather than the equal-to (==) operator.
The reason behind this is that the == operator compares object references (memory locations) instead of their actual values. Therefore, if we compare two string objects using ==, it will only return true if they are referring to the same exact memory location in memory.
On the other hand, The .equals() method compares actual content of both strings. It returns true only if both Strings have exactly same sequence of characters and length; otherwise false.
Example:
String str1 = ""hello"";
String str2 = new String(""hello"");
// Using == Operator
if(str1 == str2){
System.out.println(""Strings are Equal"");
} else {
System.out.println(""Strings are NOT Equal""); // Output: Strings are NOT Equal
}
// Using .equals() Method
if(str1.equals(str2)){
System.out.println(""Strings are Equal""); // Output: Strings are Equal
} else {
System.out.println(""Strings are NOT Equal"");
}"
Technical :With Code(Automation+Java)***************************************************
1. Can you tell me the code for invoking the browser?
let’s say Chrome browser. "// Create a new instance of the ChromeDriver
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
// Navigate to a web page
driver.get(""http://www.example.com"");"
2. What is the selenium method we use for capturing the page title?
driver.getTitle();
3. How do you write an XPATH for an element that has a ghost element infront of it?
Using the following-sibling:
WebElement targetElement = driver.findElement(By.xpath(""//div/following-sibling::input""));"
4. How do you take a screenshot in selenium? Provide a code.
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get(""https://www.example.com"");
File screenshotFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
FileUtils.copyFile(screenshotFile, new File(""path/to/screenshot.png""));
}
5. How do mouse hover to the element in selenium?
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://example.com')
element_to_hover = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//*[@id=""element-id""]')
actions = ActionChains(driver)
actions.move_to_element(element_to_hover).perform()
driver.quit()"
6. How do you scroll on a webpage?
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class HorizontalScroll {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//specify the location of the driver
System.setProperty(“webdriver.chrome.driver”,”ChromeDriver_path”);
//Initialising the driver
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
//launch the website
driver.get(“https://www.album.alexflueras.ro/index.php”);
//maximize the window to full screen
driver.manage().window().maximize();
//It will wait for maximum of 10sec for each object
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
js.executeScript(“window.scrollBy(5000,40)”);
driver.close();
}
}
7. How do you handle dynamic change elements in XPATH?
<button id="dynamic-button-123">Click me!</button>
One way to handle dynamic changes in elements is to use the "contains" function in XPath.
//button[contains(@id, 'dynamic-button-')]”
8. How can I ignore or disable CAPTCHA?
In the QA environtment Captacas will be turned off.
9. How do we create a feature file?
Create a new text file with a ".feature" extension, "my_feature.feature"
Inside the file we create "Feature: description of the feature"
10. How do we write scenarios in feature file?
Scenario keyword, then brief description of the scenario. Then the steps using Given, when, then.
Example:
Scenario: Search for a product by name
Given I am on the home page
When I enter "laptop" in the search box
And I click the search button
Then I should see a list of products containing "laptop"
11. How do you write step definition?
By using Given, When, and Then keywords. We use these keywords to define the behavior of the feature or scenario.
12. What are the different locators in selenium?
ID, XPATH, CSS Selector, Class, Name, LinkText, Partial LinkText, TagName
13. Can you please frame any 4 positive and 4 negative scenarios for the Gmail login page?
Positive Scenarios:
1. Successful login: User enters correct email and password and is successfully logged into their Gmail account.
2. Account recovery: User has forgotten their password and successfully recovers their account by following the account recovery process.
3. Two-factor authentication: User has enabled two-factor authentication and successfully logs into their Gmail account by entering a verification code sent to their phone.
4. Secure session: User logs into their Gmail account and sees that the session is secure, indicated by a lock icon in the browser bar.
Negative Scenarios:
1. Incorrect email or password: User enters an incorrect email or password and is unable to log into their Gmail account.
2. Account suspended: User is unable to log into their Gmail account because their account has been suspended or terminated by Google.
3. Hacked account: User attempts to log into their Gmail account but discovers that their account has been hacked and their password has been changed.
4. Suspicious activity: User is unable to log into their Gmail account due to suspicious activity detected by Google, such as multiple failed login attempts.
14. How do you write a code for Selecting dropdown values using python/java? Or, I want select particular value from the drop down. How can I do that?
JAVA
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;
public class static_dropdown {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get(""https://rahulshettyacademy.com/dropdownsPractise/"");
WebElement staticDropdown = driver.findElement(By.id(""ctl00_mainContent_DropDownListCurrency""));
Select dropDown = new Select(staticDropdown);
// one way (selecting USD)
dropDown.selectByIndex(3);
System.out.println(dropDown.getFirstSelectedOption().getText());
// another way (selecting AED)
dropDown.selectByVisibleText(""AED"");
System.out.println(dropDown.getFirstSelectedOption().getText());
// another way (selecting INR)
dropDown.selectByValue(""INR"");
System.out.println(dropDown.getFirstSelectedOption().getText());
driver.quit();
}
}
//Note: Only works if tag is <select>
15. I have a dialogue box which prompts me to enter my name. What is the syntax for WebDriver to achieve that?
// Find the dialog box element using its ID or name
WebElement dialogBox = driver.findElement(By.id(""dialogBox"")).sendKeys(""Your Name"");"
16. Element is available, but error says, “Unable to locate element”. How do you troubleshoot this to locate the element?
1. Checking the locator is right.
2. Using another locator.
3. Using WebDriverWait class to wait for the element to become visible.
4. Check the console logs for any errors that might be occurring."
17. Explain the code of launching browser.
//Java
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class LaunchBrowser {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.setProperty(""webdriver.chrome.driver"", ""/path/to/chromedriver"");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get(""https://www.example.com"");
driver.quit();
}
}
18. How do you handle dropdowns in selenium?
1. Identify the element: Use any of the available locators (id, name, xpath etc) to identify/select the select box element.
2. Create an instance of Select class: Instantiate a new object of Select class by passing WebElement as parameter.
3. Select option by Visible Text or Value or Index : Use one of these three methods provided by Select Class:
.selectByVisibleText() - selects an option based on its text displayed
.selectByValue()- selects an option based on its value attribute
.selectByIndex()- selects an option based on index starting with zero
4. Deselecting Option(s): If required deselect selected options individually or all at once
Example:
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;
public class DropDownExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Initialize Chrome driver
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
// Navigate to URL
driver.get(""https://example.com"");
try{
// Step 1 : Locating select Element
WebElement selectElement=driver.findElement(By.id(""dropdownId""));
// Step 2 : Creating object of Select Class and pass webElement as argument
Select select=new Select(selectElement);
// Step 3 : Selection Based On Visible Text
select.selectByVisibleText(""Option Text"");
// Or alternatively selection Based On Value Attribute
select.selectByValue(""Option Value"");
// Or alternatively selection Based On Index
select.selectByIndex(2);
// Step 4 : Deselecting Individual Option(s)
select.deselectByVisibleText(""Option Text"");
// Step 5: Deselect All Selected Options
select.deselectAll();
} catch(Exception e){
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
// Close the browser
driver.quit();
}
}"
19. Why do you need action element?
In Java Selenium, an "Action" element is used to perform complex user interactions such as hover over, drag and drop, click-and-hold etc.
20. Have you handled multiple windows in selenium?
1. Get current window handle: Use the driver.getWindowHandle()
2. Get all window handles: Use the driver.getWindowHandles()
3. Switch to another window: driver.switchTo().window(handle)
4. Perform required operations on new child tab/window
5. Close new child tab/window and switch back to original parent/main page
Example:
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class MultipleWindowsExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Initialize Chrome driver
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
// Navigate to main URL
driver.get(""https://example.com"");
try{
// Step 1 : Getting Current Window Handle
String mainWindow=driver.getWindowHandle();
// Step 2 : Opening New Tab/Window (child)
WebElement linkElement=driver.findElement(By.linkText(""Click Here""));
linkElement.click();
// Step 3 : Looping Through All Opened Windows/Tabs And Switching To Each One By One
Set<String> setOfWindows = driver.getWindowHandles();
Iterator<String> iterator=setOfWindows.iterator();
while(iterator.hasNext()){
String childWindow=iterator.next();
if(!mainWindow.equals(childWindow)){
driver.switchTo().window(childWindow);
// Step 4 : Performing Required Actions Inside New Tab/Window
WebElement inputField = driver.findElement(By.xpath(""//input[@id='username']""));
inputField.sendKeys(""TestUsername"");
// Step 5 : Closing Child Window And Switching Back To Parent/Main Page
driver.close();
driver.switchTo().window(mainWindow);
}
}
} catch(Exception e){
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
// Close the browser
driver.quit();
}
}"
21. Describe me how you automated the login?
Java
Questions Answers
1. Your input is tomorrow. You need to count each letter in ascending order. Describe the logic.
2. How to get System date and time?
"//Java
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
public class DateTimeExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Get the current date and time
LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();
System.out.println(""Current Date and Time: "" + now);
}
}
3. How you can convert string "HELLO" into string "hello"?
//Java
String input = ""HELLO"";
String output = input.toLowerCase();
System.out.println(output);
4. Can you write your code for palindrome?
A palindrome is a word that reads the same in reverse.
For example: radar is a palindrome, radix is not a palindrome.
public class PalindromeChecker {
public static boolean isPalindrome(String s) {
return s.equals(new StringBuilder(s).reverse().toString());
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "radar";
if (isPalindrome(str)) {
System.out.println(str + " is a palindrome");
} else {
System.out.println(str + " is not a palindrome");
}
}
}
5. Write a program/code for printing the prime numbers.
A prime number is a number that is divisible by only two numbers: 1 and itself. So, if any number is divisible by any other number, it is not a prime number.
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int num = 29;
boolean flag = false;
for (int i = 2; i <= num / 2; ++i) {
if (num % i == 0) {
flag = true;
break;
}
}
if (!flag)
System.out.println(num + "" is a prime number."");
else
System.out.println(num + "" is not a prime number."");
}
}
6. Write a program/code for factorial.
when user enters a number, its factorial is displayed
import java.util.Scanner;
public class FactorialCalculator {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print(""Input your number: "");
int number = sc.nextInt();
int result = 1;
if (number != 0) {
for (int i=1; i<=number; i++) {
result *= i;
}
}
System.out.printf(""The factorial of %d is %d"", number, result);
}
}"
8. I'm giving you one array consisting of numbers. You need to add it in ascending order. sort it without using any in-built function.
9. Write a code for fibonacci.
In fibonacci series, next number is the sum of previous two numbers for example 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55 etc. The first two numbers of fibonacci series are 0 and 1.
""""""
public class Main{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int n1=0,n2=1,n3,i,count=10;
System.out.print(n1 +"" ""+ n2);//printing 0 and 1
for(i=2;i<count;++i)//loop starts from 2 because 0 and 1 are already printed
{
n3=n1+n2;
System.out.print("" ""+n3);
n1=n2;
n2=n3;
}
}
} "
10. Write a code for leap year.
user will see the year is a leap year or not a leap year
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print(""Input your year: "");
int year = sc.nextInt();
if (year % 4 == 0) {
if (year % 100 == 0) {
if (year % 400 == 0) {
System.out.printf(""%d is a leap year"", year);
} else {
System.out.printf(""%d is not a leap year"", year);
}
} else {
System.out.printf(""%d is a leap year"", year);
}
} else{
System.out.printf(""%d is not a leap year"", year);
}
}
}
Jira & jenkins****************************************************************
1. What is JIRA?
JIRA is an issue tracking and project management software.
2. What is the purpose of JIRA?
The purpose of JIRA is to help software teams plan, track, and manage their development projects. It provides tools to help teams organize, prioritize, and manage their work.
3. What is Epic, User Story, Backlog?
Epic is a large body of work that can be broken down into smaller stories, issues, and tasks.
User Story is a task that describes a specific feature or functionality that a user should be able to do.
Backlog is a list of all the tasks and issues.
4. What are the settings/properties you use to connect JIRA and GitHub?
"To connect JIRA and GitHub, I need to create new integration in JIRA. Going to Settings > Integrations and clicking on the "Add New Integration" button. Then, select "GitHu"" from the list of integrations.
Then it will prompt enter your GitHub credentials. Once you have entered your credentials, I need to select the repositories that you want to integrate with JIRA."
JENKINS
1. What is Jenkins?
Jenkins is an open-source automation server that automates the repetitive tasks involved in software development and deployment. It is designed to help developers, testers, and operations teams to build, test, and deploy applications continuously.
2. What is Continuous Integration?
Continuous Integration (CI) is a software development practice in which developers regularly merge their code changes into a shared repository.
3. What are the benefits of using Jenkins?
1. Automates repetitive tasks: Jenkins can be used to automate the process of building, testing, and deploying software. This helps to improve the speed and accuracy of the software development process.
2. Integrates with DevOps tools: Jenkins integrates with a wide range of DevOps tools, such as Docker, Puppet, and Chef. This makes it easy to manage the entire DevOps process, from development to deployment.
3. Easy to use: Jenkins has a user-friendly, graphical interface that makes it easy to set up and manage. It also supports a wide range of plugins, which makes it even easier to customize for specific projects or tasks."
4. In Jenkins, how can I run only 2 test cases except other test cases?
"-t" option.
Jenkins -t TestCase1.java, TestCase2.java"
5. Can you explain how you create a job and schedule it particular time in Jenkins? Yes, sure! Here's a step-by-step guide on how to create a job and schedule it for a particular time in Jenkins:
1. Login to Jenkins.
2. Select the ""Project"".
4. Configure your job.
5. ""Build Triggers"" section and select the ""Build periodically"" checkbox.
6. For example, if you want your job to run at 3:00 AM every day, you would enter ""0 3 * * *"" in the Schedule field.
7. Click the ""Save"" button to save your job and schedule it for the specified time.
That's it!"
6. As a QA, what do you do with Jenkins?
1. Running automated tests.
2. Monitoring the quality of software if there any test cases fail.
3. I make a bug issue in Jira if there are any defects."
API (Postman and RestAssured*******************************************************
1. Do you have experience with API testing? What is API testing?
Yes.
API testing is a type of software testing where APIs are tested to determine if they meet expectations for functionality, reliability, performance, and security."
2. Do you have knowledge on Webservices? What is Webservices?
Yes.
Webservices are a way for different applications to communicate with each other over the internet. They are used to share data and functionality between applications. "
3. Have you used Rest Assured for API automation? What is Rest Assured? Why it is needed?
Yes.
REST stands for Representational State Transfer. It is a set of functions helping developers in performing requests and receiving responses. Interaction is made through HTTP Protocol in REST API."
4. Have you worked in REST API? What is Rest API?
Yes.
REST API is Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface. It is to get access the data and functionality from web applications."
5. Difference between AJAX and REST API?
1. AJAX is a client-side technology, while REST API is a server-side technology.
2. AJAX is update the user interface, while REST API is for access data.
3. AJAX is doesnot have any protocol, while REST API is based on the HTTP protocol."
6. Explain the different HTTP method supported on REST? Or, Name The Most Commonly Used HTTP Methods Supported By REST?"
GET: This method is used to retrieve data from a resource.
POST: This method is used to create a new resource.
PUT: This method is used to update an existing resource.
DELETE: This method is used to delete an existing resource.
HEAD: This method is similar to GET, except that the response does not include the message body.
OPTIONS: This method is used to get information about the capabilities of a resource."
7. What tools are you using for API testing?
Postman, Rest Assured framework
8. How do you verify the Response body in Rest Assured?
If the response body is in JSON format, you can use the JSON Path syntax to extract and verify specific values from the response body. Rest Assured provides the "jsonPath()"method that you can use to parse the JSON response and extract the desired value.
9. In API, difference between 401, 403, 404 status code.
401: Unauthorized - The request requires user authentication.
403: Forbidden - The server understood the request but refuses to authorize it.
404: Not Found - The server can not find the requested resource.
10. What will happen, Get request instead of Put request to create a resource?
405: Not Allowed response.
Because GET method is for get the resource. The PUT method is use for update the resource."
11. Which Protocol Is Used By RESTful Web Services?
HTTP
12. How to declare the API details in Rest Assured Test?
Using Given(), When(), Then()
13. Is There Any Difference Between PUT And POST Operations? Explain It.
Yes.
POST method create a ""new record"" on the server.
PUT method update the ""existing record"" on the server."
14. How to Insert cookies in Testing the API using Rest Assured?
RestAssured.given().cookies(cookies).contentType(ContentType.JSON).when().post(url).then().statusCode(200);
15. How to Insert headers in Testing the API using Rest Assured?
given().header("MyHeader", "Something").
16. How to Validate Response Headers with Rest Assured?
get("/x").then().assertThat().header("headerName","headerValue").
17. How to handle Basic Authentication with Rest Assured?
given().auth().preemptive().basic("username","password").when().get("/secured/hello").then().statusCode(200);
18. In postman, can you explain the status codes?
200: OK
400: Bad Request
401: Unauthorized
403: Forbidden
404: Not Found
500: Internal Server Error"
19. PUT and PATCH difference?
PUT method update the existing record on the server.
PATCH method update the existing record on the server as well.
But the important difference between PUT and PATCH is that PATCH can only change partial information instead of the whole record."
20. How will you handle dynamic payloads in API?
By using path param and query param.
21. What is HTTP protocol?
HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, which is a protocol used to transfer data over the web. It is a request/response protocol, which means that a client (such as a web browser) sends a request to a server, and the server responds with a response.
22. How you establish the connection in the postman?
A RESTful service is a web service that follows the principles of the REST (Representational State Transfer) architectural style. RESTful services are based on a client-server model, where the server provides resources that can be accessed and manipulated by the client using a set of well-defined HTTP methods, such as GET, POST, PUT and DELETE. These resources can be any kind of data, such as text, images, or JSON data.
23. What is Restful service?
The structure of a common HTTP request consists of several components, each with its own purpose. Here's an overview:
1. Request Line: This is the first line in an HTTP request and contains three parts: the method (e.g., GET or POST), the URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) which identifies the resource being requested, and the version of HTTP being used.
2. Headers: These are optional fields that provide additional information about the request, such as authentication credentials, content type, language preferences etc.
3. Body: This is an optional field that may contain data to be sent to server from client like form inputs/file uploads etc."
24. Describe the structure of the common http request?
25. I want to send the request to the server with the post-call along with the JSON payload. Request should be creating a user. I provided you the URL. How do you test it?
(Post call should create a user, I gave you the JSON payload and URL.) And What are the things you to trigger that call?
27. What are the authentication method available in rest assured.
In Postman, an environment is a set of key-value pairs that represent variables. Bear token could be used.
28. What is environment in Postman?
In Postman, a collection is a group of saved requests. It allows you to organize and manage your API calls efficiently.
29. What is collection in Postman?
32. Suppose a requirement is given to you, I would expect you to handle five user stories or four user stories, which has five endpoints, you need to automate right from source to target. So how do you manage that end-to-end automation?
Explain how would make these api testcases and how would implement rest assured framework with Json Collection
33. Can you tell me what does 400 HTTP status code? What does it mean? With example.
400: Bad Request
401: Unauthorized
403: Forbidden
404: Not Found
34. Do you use security tokens for your QA environment (API)?
You can set it up as an environmental variable and you don't need to keep passing it every time. So you can just whatever variable you have defined for you to convey and just to mention it.
36. Let's say we have several environments and it is training in one environment and it is passing in the other environment, what most likely do you think it is the issue here?
Configuration, data, network or potentially code differences- To troubleshoot you'd compare the configurations data in both environment and identify the differences. You'd check the responses for the failing API and check for errors, you can do this to find a clue.
37. What exactly needs to be verified in API testing?
Response Status Code: After successful deletion, server should respond with status code 200 OK (if there was any content returned) or 204 No Content (if no content was returned).
If any user/developer tries to access same resource after it has been deleted then either 404 Not Found or 410 Gone."
38. What will happen when we delete in API?
40. What kind of responses you look for postman?
Load testing is the process of simulating real-world usage scenarios to determine how well an API can handle heavy traffic and high loads.
Security Testing are crucial when it comes to ensuring that APIs meet their functional requirements while being able handle expected loads securely without compromising data privacy/confidentiality/integrity"
42. Let's say you found a bug and now you need to verify, right? how would you verify that?
"HTTP status code 200 means that the request was successful and the server has returned a response.
Suppose you are using an API to retrieve some information from a database. You make a GET request with certain parameters/headers & if everything goes as expected, then server will process your request ,find matching records from DB based on provided criteria; then send them back within HTTP Response body along with appropriate HTTP Status Code (which would be ""200 OK"" in this case) indicating success of operation performed."
43. What 200 status code mean? Example please?
To establish the connection in Postman, we would create our user URI. To send those requests, we used to get method to get any payloads.
44. What, command do you use to Edit or modify any value in the in the API using Postman?
To edit postman would use the PUT request.
44. Can you explain one of the get requests like what sort of things we can include in get request.
46. What are the different types of response codes we see when you verify the request?
47. You hit something, you get. The complex JSON response. It's a very gigantic response. I want to validate each and every attribute from the response. Say suppose there are like 50 attributes came from response. I want to validate every single attribute with my. Expected value which is in database. So my question here is. I want you to report. Only the mismatched ones. How do you do? [validate the response with the database and report only mismatched ones and the data come from database][Comparing the api response with the database]
Note
SOAP is old and XML Based. REST is new and JSON based. SOAP UI is alternative of POSTMAN.
SQL& JMeter *********************************************************************
1. Do you have experience in SQL?
Yes.
2. Which database did you use?
What data-type is that?
3. Describe CRUD operation in SQL.
In SQL, CRUD stands for Create, Read, Update, and Delete. These are the four basic operations that can be performed on data stored in a database.
1. Create: The create operation is used to add new records (rows) to a table in the database. This involves specifying the column names and values of the record to be inserted into the table using an INSERT statement.
2. Read: The read operation is used to retrieve existing records from one or more tables in the database using a SELECT statement. This involves specifying which columns you want to retrieve and any conditions that should be applied when selecting data.
3. Update: The update operation is used to modify existing records in a table based on specific conditions using an UPDATE statement. This involves specifying which columns you want to update and what values they should have for each record that matches your specified condition(s).
4. Delete: The delete operation is used to remove existing records from a table based on specific conditions using a DELETE statement."
4. What database types do you know?
There are several types of databases, each designed to handle different kinds of data and workloads. Here are some common database types:
1. Relational Database: A relational database is the most common type of database used today. It stores data in tables with rows and columns, where each row represents a unique record and each column represents a specific attribute or field.
2. NoSQL Database: A NoSQL (not only SQL) database is a non-relational database that does not use structured query language (SQL). Instead, it uses document-oriented storage like JSON or XML formats to store data.
3. Graph Database: A graph database stores data in nodes and edges, which represent entities and relationships between them respectively.
4. Object-Oriented Database: An object-oriented database uses objects as its fundamental unit of storing information rather than tables with rows and columns.
2. What is the difference between DELETE and TRUNCATE?
DELETE will delete specific rows from a table.
TRUNCATE will delete all the data from a table.
3. How do you insert a record a new table using SQL?
INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3, etc)
VALUES (value1, value2, value3, etc);"
4. Explain inner-join and outer-join.
INNER JOIN keyword selects records that have matching values in both tables.
OUTER JOIN will also keep information that is not related to the other table in the resulting table."
5. Inner Join Syntax
SELECT table.column_name, table.column_name…
FROM table1
INNER JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name = table2.column_name;"
6. Left Join Syntax
SELECT table.column_name, table.column_name....
FROM table1
LEFT JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name = table2.column_name;"
7. In SQL query. So there is a transaction table, and I want to fetch the second highest transaction amount. How can I do that?
SELECT MAX(amount) AS SecondHighestTransactionAmount
FROM transaction_table
WHERE amount < (SELECT MAX(amount) FROM transaction_table);
8. Think, there are million records. Can you tell me the logic how we can find out duplicate records in a table using SQL?
SELECT column1, column2, COUNT(*)
FROM myTable
GROUP BY column1, column2
HAVING COUNT(*) > 1;
In this query, we first select all columns that may contain duplicates from our table (i.e., column1 and column2). We then group these columns together by using GROUP BY clause.
Then we use HAVING clause with COUNT() function which counts number of rows present for each Group; filters out those groups where count is greater than one i.e. it selects only those rows having more than one occurrence across respective grouping keys
This will give us a result set showing us all the duplicated records along with their count."
9. What is an essential key required for a join? {SQL}
In SQL, for a join to be performed between two tables, there must be at least one common key (column) that exists in both tables. This is known as the joining condition or join key.
10. Can primary key or foreign key be null?
In SQL, a primary key cannot be null. A primary key is used to uniquely identify each row in a table and it must have a value for every record in that table.
foreign keys can be nullable. When we create a foreign key relationship between two tables, it means that values in one table's column (foreign key) refer to another table's primary/unique keys."
11. Tell me the logic to find out the fifth highest salary in the organization using SQL? "SELECT DISTINCT Salary
FROM Employee
ORDER BY Salary DESC
LIMIT 4,1;
The number 4 represents how many rows we should skip over before starting to return data. The second parameter 1 specifies how many rows of results should be returned after skipping 4 rows; which would give us fifth highest salary."
12. What is primary and unique key.
Primary key is a column or set of columns that uniquely identifies each row in a table. It helps to ensure data integrity by preventing duplicate records and also provides faster access to specific rows in the table.
A PRIMARY KEY constraint automatically has a UNIQUE constraint. They are both same."
13. Have you heard of arfan record in the database?
14. Only need to find the matching records from the two table? What join do you use?
pls skip all jemeter questions
Performance Testing / JMeter *******************************************************
1. JMeter Command for report generartion "Open cmd (any location)
If bin folder path is in env var
1) Command for result
jmeter -n -t ""..\testfile.jmx"" -l ""..\result.csv""
2) Command for result & report
jmeter -n -t ""..\testfile.jmx"" -l ""..\result.csv"" -e -o ""..\report_folder""
3) Command for report from an existing result file
jmeter -g ""..\result.csv"" -o ""..\report_folder"""
2. What are the different types of performance testing?
Load Testing: This type of testing is used to measure the performance of a system under a specific load. It involves simulating a large number of users accessing the system simultaneously to see how it performs.
Stress Testing: Stress testing involves testing a system beyond its normal operating conditions to see how it behaves under extreme loads. This type of testing helps to identify the breaking point of the system."
3. What is the difference between load testing and stress testing?
Load testing is the process of simulating a normal workload on a system to determine how well it can handle the expected traffic.
Stress testing is the process of simulating extreme conditions on a system to determine how it will perform under such conditions."
5. What is a thread group in JMeter?
In JMeter, a Thread Group is a fundamental element that represents a group of users that execute a specific scenario during a load test.
When you create a Thread Group, you define the number of threads (users) that will be created to simulate the load on the application, the ramp-up period (the time it takes to start all the threads), the number of times the test should be executed, and the duration of each user's session."
6. How do you parameterize a test plan in JMeter?
7. How do you analyze JMeter test results?
8. What is the purpose of the Aggregate Report listener in JMeter? The Aggregate Report listener is a JMeter listener that provides an aggregated view of the test results. Its purpose is to display a summary of the test results for the sampled transactions in a tabular format.
The Aggregate Report listener can provide the following information:
Number of samples: The total number of samples that were executed.
Average: The average response time of all samples.
Median: The median response time of all samples.
90% Line: The response time below which 90% of the samples fall.
Min: The minimum response time of all samples.
Max: The maximum response time of all samples.
Error %: The percentage of requests that resulted in an error."
9. Have you used JMETER? What is JMETER? What are the JMETER listeners.
Yes.
JMeter is a testing tool that is used to measure the performance of web applications. It can be used to simulate a large number of users, requests, and data to test the application's performance under different scenarios.
There are several built-in listeners available in JMeter, including:
Summary Report: Displays a summary of the test results, including the number of requests, average response time, and error rate.
Graph Results: Displays the test results in a graphical format, including graphs of response time and throughput.
View Results Tree: Displays the detailed results of each request, including the request and response headers, request and response data, and any errors that occurred.
Aggregate Report: Displays a summary of the test results in a tabular format, including the number of requests, average response time, and error rate.
Response Time Graph: Displays a graph of the response times for each request, which can be useful for identifying performance bottlenecks.
Assertion Results: Displays the results of the assertions that were executed during the test run, including any failures."
10. Can you explain what performance testing is used for? Can you name a few types of performance tests?
Performance testing is used to evaluate the performance of a system under different load conditions.
1. Load Testing
2. Stress Testing
3. Spike Testing: This test assesses how well an application handles sudden spikes in user activity or workload which may occur due to unexpected events like flash sales/coupon codes/etc
4. Scalability testing :
It measures ability of app/systems/hardware infrastructure used within them to scale seamlessly with increasing volume/data size/users etc"
Git **************************************************************************
1. What is Git? What do you use it for?
Git is software for tracking changes in any set of files. It is used for coordinating work among programmers collaboratively developing code during software development.
2. What is GitHub?
GitHub is a software development where we store our codes and repositories.
3. Difference between Git and GitHub?
Git is a technology that you use to track changes, GitHub is a service for storing code and repositories.
4. Explain how you make a commit?
"- git adds <filename>
- git commit -m “<commit message about changed implemented>”
- git push"
5. Which command do you use to view changes you’ve made to a file?
git diff
6. What is a .gitignore file?
The .gitignore file tells Git which files to ignore when committing your project to the GitHub repository.
7. How to create a new branch?
git checkout -b <new_branch_name>
8. How to switch between existing branches?
git branch
9. What is a PR (pull request)?
"Pull requests are a mechanism for developers to show and discuss the work they have completed.
If there are any problems with the changes, teammates can post feedback in the pull request and and updated the code."
10. What is a merge conflict? How to solve a conflict?
"Conflicts generally arise when two people have changed the same lines in a file, or if one developer deleted a file while another developer was modifying it.
The most direct way to resolve a merge conflict is to edit the conflicted file."
11. What is your code repository?
GitHub
12. What is the difference between a master branch and a development branch?
master branches, we will not do anything there that is at first thing that we don't have to do anything we have to just clone the master branch from our local machine. And then we will make another mirror branch in our local system and do whatever we are working new code what is coming from the GitHub and other collaboration team. And then that is called the development branch and after that, we'll push the code to the again to the branch and then leader also lead will get to know everyone that knows new code is coming and he put if he feels that our development branch is okay. Then he will send it to the master branch.
13. Let's say I want to work on my own branch.What would be the command?
Like, I want to create a branch, work on it, and then take my work and push it back into master. https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/gitlab-basics/start-using-git.html
14. What happens if I have conflicts in my virtual list in GIT?
UNIX Commands ********************************************************************
After Interview *****************************************************************************************
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